ভারী বৃষ্টি ও ভারতের জলাধারের বাঁধ খুলে দেওয়াতে বাংলাদেশের বেশকিছু অঞ্চলে ভয়াবহ বন্যার সৃষ্টি হয়েছে। এমতাবস্থায় দেশের পরিস্থিতি খুবই ভয়াবহ। তাই এই ভয়াবহ সময়ে যারা ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত হয়েছেন তাদের সকলের পাশে সাহায্যের হাত বাড়িয়ে দেওয়া আমাদের একান্ত কর্তব্য। তাই যার পক্ষে যেভাবে সম্ভব বন্যায় ক্ষতিগ্রস্ত মানুষের পাশে দাঁড়ানোর জন্য অনুরোধ রইলো। এখন আসি পোস্টের মূল কথায়। দেশের প্রায় সব অঞ্চলই ভয়াবহ বন্যার পরিস্থিতি সৃষ্টির দ্বারপ্রান্তে। তবে এখন বেশকিছু অঞ্চল ভয়াবহ বন্যার কবলে পড়েছে। যার মধ্যে রয়েছে ফেনী, কুমিল্লা, নোয়াখালী, মৌলভীবাজার, খাগড়াছড়ি, হবিগঞ্জ ও ব্রাহ্মণবাড়িয়া। উক্ত অঞ্চলগুলির জন্য যোগাযোগ করার জন্য বাংলাদেশের সকল মোবাইল অপারেটরগুলি ফ্রি ইন্টারনেট ও মিনিট এর ব্যবস্থা করেছে। তো উক্ত ফ্রি ইন্টারনেট ও মিনিট নিতে করণীয়গুলো নিচ থেকে দেখে নিন। রবি: বাংলাদেশের মোবাইল অপারেটর রবি "সাম্প্রতিক বন্যায় দুর্গতদের পাশে আছি আমরা" স্লোগানের মাধ্যমে তারা জনপ্রতি সকলকে ফ্রিতে ২৫০ এমবি ইন্টারনেট ও ২০ মিনিট ফ্রি দেওয়ার সিদ্ধান্ত নিয়েছে। ইন্টারনেট: ২৫০ এমবি মিনিট: ২০ মিনিট মেয়াদ: ৩ দিন ডায়াল কোড: *...
Hey, I am Writer Yasin , and I am about to share how I send my buyer’s request proposal that compels prospective buyers to contact me asap. Enjoy the ride with me. First off, here is my format: Sample 1 “ Hi (POTENTIAL BUYER’S NAME), I am (YOUR USERNAME), a professional writer by occupation and a Digital Marketer. I noticed you already have some offers before you, so I am going to save you the time of having to read through my long offer write-up. Kindly take a few minutes to go through my profile, if you like what you see, you can contact me. I will professionally write a good sales copy for your marketing poster just as you described. I am not just good at what I do; I am great at it. Contact me if you need excellent work. We can negotiate on your budget and arrive at a compromise. Best regards.” Some few things you need to notice from the proposal above include: 1.0 I mentioned the potential buyer’s name. You can ask me why? Thank you for asking. Because everybody on earth has...
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High Wet Bulb Globe Temperatures (WBGT) are forecast to hit Louisiana, United States, over the next few days. The image below shows a forecast for August 2, 2023, 18 UTC, with WBGT as high as 35°C forecast for a location 10 miles South East of Abbeville, Louisiana, U.S.
WBGT is a measure used by weather.gov to warn about expected heat stress when in direct sunlight. It takes into account the effect of temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and solar radiation on humans.
As temperatures and humidity levels keep rising, a tipping point can be reached where the wind factor no longer matters, in the sense that wind can no longer provide cooling. The human body can cool itself by sweating, which has a physiological limit that was long described as a 35°C wet-bulb temperature. Once the wet-bulb temperature reaches 35°C, one can no longer lose heat by perspiration, even in strong wind, but instead one will start gaining heat from the air beyond a wet-bulb temperature of 35°C.
Accordingly, a 35°C wet-bulb temperature (equal to 95°F at 100% humidity or 115°F at 50% humidity) was long seen as the theoretical limit, the maximum a human could endure.
A 2020 study (by Raymond et al.) warns that this limit could be regularly exceeded with a temperature rise of less than 2.5°C (compared to pre-industrial). A 2018 study (by Strona & Bradshaw) indicates that most life on Earth will disappear with a 5°C rise. Humans, who depend for their survival on many other species, will likely go extinct with a 3°C rise, as illustrated by the image below, from an earlier post.
A 2022 study (by Vecellio et al.) finds that the actual limit is lower — about 31°C wet-bulb or 87°F at 100% humidity — even for young, healthy subjects. The temperature for older populations, who are more vulnerable to heat, is likely even lower. In practice the limit will typically be lower and depending on circumstances could be as low as a wet-bulb temperature of 25°C.
The above image shows a Wet Bulb Globe Temperature of 35°C (95°F) forecast for August 11, 2023, 19 UTC, for a location near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, U.S.
Heat is the leading cause of weather-related deaths in the United States, as illustrated by the above image (credit: NOAA). Heat fatalities may be conservative figures. Recent research finds that where heat is being listed as an official cause of death, this likely underestimates the full toll of these events. Extreme heat can trigger heart attacks and strokes. In addition, some heart disease risk factors, such as diabetes—as well as heart medications, such as diuretics and beta blockers—can affect a person’s ability to regulate their body temperature and make it difficult to handle extreme heat. The study finds that extreme heat accounted for about 600-700 additional deaths from cardiovascular disease annually. A recent study estimates that extreme heat accounted for 12,000 premature deaths in the contiguous U.S. from 2000 to 2010, and a recent analysis calculates that the summer 2022 heatwave killed 61,000 people in Europe alone.
The image below shows a temperature (°F) forecast for August 1, 2023, from Climate Reanalyzer.
The image below show a high reading on the 'Misery Index', the perceived ('feels like') temperature that is used by nullschool.net, combining wind chill and the heat index (which in turn combines air temperature and relative humidity, in shaded areas). A Misery Index temperature of 56.1°C or 133.1°F was recorded at a location off the coast of the United Arab Emirates (green circle) on August 5, 2023.
The temperature at that location at the time was 35.2°C or 95.4°F, lower than the temperature on the land surrounding the Gulf, but the relative humidity at that spot over the water was 78%, and that combination led to this very high 'feels like' temperature.
This constitutes a warning. The sea, rivers and lakes are traditionally seen as places to go to, to cool off. However, high temperatures combined with high humidity over water bodies can result in conditions that go beyond what humans can bear.
Climate change danger assessment
The image below, earlier discussed here, expands risk assessment beyond its typical definition as the product of the severity of impact and probability of occurrence, by adding a third dimension: timescale, in particular imminence.
Imminence alone could make that the danger constituted by rising temperatures needs to be acted upon immediately, comprehensively and effectively. While questions may remain regarding probability, severity and timescale of the dangers associated with climate change, the precautionary principle should prevail and this should prompt for action, i.e. comprehensive and effective action to reduce damage and improve the situation is imperative and must be taken as soon as possible.
Rapidly rising temperatures constitute tipping points in several ways
Firstly, there is a biological threshold beyond which rising temperatures become lethal for humans, as discussed above.
Secondly, as Gerardo Ceballos describes in the video below and in a 2017 analysis, there is a biological tipping point that threatens annihilation of species via the ongoing sixth mass extinction. Researchers such as Gerardo Ceballos (2020), Kevin Burke (2018) and Ignation Quintero (2013) have for years warned that mammals and vertebrates cannot keep up with the rapid rise in temperature. Humans are classified as vertebrate mammals, indicating that we
will not avoid the fate of extinction, Guy McPherson (2020) adds.
Thirdly, there are further tipping points, e.g. social-political ones. On the one hand, it would be good if people became more aware, as this could prompt more people into supporting the necessary action. On the other hand, as temperatures keep rising, there is also a danger that panic will break out, dictators will grab power and civilization as we know it will collapse abruptly, as warned about earlier, e.g. in 2007.
• Biological annihilation via the ongoing sixth mass extinction signaled by vertebrate population losses and declines - by Gerardo Ceballos, Paul R. Ehrlich and Rodolfo Dirzo (2017) https://www.pnas.org/content/114/30/E6089
• Rates of projected climate change
dramatically exceed past rates of climatic niche evolution
among vertebrate species - by Ignatio Quintero et al. (2013)
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